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JNCities and routes

The river decides your route

Central London has fewer road crossings of the Thames than people assume, and every one of them is busy at the same times.

From the journal
London sightseeing

Written quotation, usually within the hour

The river decides your route: summary

Central London has fewer road crossings of the Thames than people assume, and every one of them is busy at the same times. Central London has fewer road crossings of the Thames than people assume, and every one of them is busy at the same times. That single geographical fact organises a great deal of driving in the capital, and it is why two addresses four miles apart can be a twenty-minute journey or a fifty-minute one depending entirely on which side of the water they sit. Anyone who drives London for a living stops thinking in postcodes fairly quickly and starts thinking in bridges. It is a more useful mental map.

Filed under

Cities and routes

Published

7 December 2025

Sections

8

Reading time

4 minutes

01Opening

Where this starts

Central London has fewer road crossings of the Thames than people assume, and every one of them is busy at the same times. That single geographical fact organises a great deal of driving in the capital, and it is why two addresses four miles apart can be a twenty-minute journey or a fifty-minute one depending entirely on which side of the water they sit.

Anyone who drives London for a living stops thinking in postcodes fairly quickly and starts thinking in bridges. It is a more useful mental map.

02At a glance

What this piece is

Filed under
Cities and routes
Published
7 December 2025
Sections
8
Reading time
4 minutes

03The piece

The river decides your route

The central bridges each have a personality

JN-01The central bridges each have a personality

The central bridges each have a personality

There are fewer road crossings of the Thames in central London than most people would guess, and they are not interchangeable. Each one connects a particular set of approach roads on the north bank to a particular set on the south, and the traffic that uses it comes from a fairly predictable catchment. Choosing between them is therefore a decision about approaches rather than about bridges.

Vauxhall and Lambeth serve different traffic from Westminster and Waterloo, and Blackfriars and Southwark feed the City rather than the West End. Tower Bridge is a tourist attraction that also happens to be a road, and it behaves like one.

Choosing between them is not really about distance. It is about which approach roads are moving, and the approaches vary far more than the bridges themselves.

JN-02East London has a different problem

East London has a different problem

West of Tower Bridge there are crossings every few hundred metres. East of it there are almost none, for reasons that are entirely to do with shipping and the depth of water needed to reach the old docks. The road network has been catching up with that ever since, and it is still some way behind.

Downstream of Tower Bridge the crossings thin out dramatically. The Rotherhithe and Blackwall tunnels carry an enormous amount of traffic and there is very little redundancy in the system. A closure at Blackwall is felt across the whole of east London within minutes.

It is the reason a Canary Wharf to Greenwich journey, which is almost nothing as the crow flies, can take a surprising amount of time.

JN-03West London has more options and uses them badly

West London has more options and uses them badly

The western half of the river is comparatively well served, with a crossing available every mile or so from Chelsea out to Chiswick. That sounds like a solved problem and is not, because every one of those bridges funnels into a junction on the north bank that was laid out long before anybody imagined the volume it now carries.

Chelsea, Battersea, Wandsworth, Putney, Hammersmith and Chiswick give a reasonable choice of crossings, and they are all constrained by their approaches. Hammersmith in particular is a junction problem rather than a bridge problem.

For an airport run out of south west London the choice of crossing frequently decides the journey, and it is a decision made against live conditions rather than by preference.

Zones and charges are part of the routing

JN-04Zones and charges are part of the routing

Zones and charges are part of the routing

Any conversation about driving in central London now involves a set of charging and emissions schemes as well as the roads themselves. They are a matter of compliance rather than strategy, and they have a larger effect on which vehicles a company runs than on which route a particular journey takes.

Central London’s charging and emissions zones affect which vehicles go where and at what cost, and any route through the middle of town has to account for them. That is a matter of straightforward compliance rather than cleverness.

The practical effect on a journey is small. The practical effect on fleet choice is not, and it is one of the reasons the modern executive fleet looks the way it does.

05The piece, continued

Further down the page

JN-05Timing beats routing

Timing beats routing

It is worth putting the whole subject in proportion. A great deal of effort goes into choosing between crossings and it is second-order compared with the simpler variable, which nobody can adjust from the driving seat and almost anybody can adjust from a diary.

Almost every river crossing in London is fine at half past ten in the morning and difficult at half past five. Where a journey time can be moved by thirty minutes, moving it is worth more than any amount of clever routing.

That is advice a client can act on and it is worth giving. A meeting moved from five to four thirty saves more than a driver ever can.

JN-06The south London airport case

The south London airport case

The clearest practical illustration of everything above is the question of which airport somebody uses, which appears to have nothing to do with the river and is decided by it more than by anything else.

From anywhere south of the river, Gatwick is the natural airport and Heathrow involves a crossing or the M25. That reverses for north London. It is the clearest practical example of the river shaping a decision that has nothing obvious to do with a river.

Which is really the point. In London the water is not scenery; it is infrastructure with a limited number of gaps in it.

JN-07The bridges are older than the traffic

The bridges are older than the traffic

Most of the central crossings were built for a city with a fraction of the vehicles it now has, and several of them have been closed for structural repair within recent memory. When one goes out of service the effect is felt for miles in both directions, because the traffic it carried has nowhere obvious to go.

That fragility is worth holding in mind when planning anything with a fixed time on the far bank. A crossing that has been reliable for years is still a single structure with a maintenance schedule.

Walking is sometimes the answer

JN-08Walking is sometimes the answer

Walking is sometimes the answer

There are journeys in central London where the honest advice is to be dropped on one side of the river and walk over. Several of the crossings have good footways, the distances are short, and on a fine day it is quicker and considerably more pleasant than sitting in a queue for a bridge.

It is not the answer with luggage, in bad weather or in the wrong shoes, and it is worth offering rather than assuming that a car has to complete every metre of a journey.

08Answers

Questions this piece raises

Asked often enough that the answers belong on the page rather than in a reply.

Why do short London journeys take so long?

Frequently because they cross the river. The number of road crossings is limited and their approach roads are the constraint, so two addresses a few miles apart can be a very different journey depending on which bank they sit on.

Which Thames crossing is quickest?

It depends on the hour and on the approach roads rather than the bridge itself. The decision is made against live conditions, and east London has far less choice than the west.

Do London charging zones affect my journey?

They affect vehicle choice and cost rather than the route itself. Any figure quoted for a central London journey accounts for them before you see it.

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